Tang, Kang (McMaster University), Abdulsattar, Harith (McMaster University), Yang, Hao (McMaster University), Wang, Jinghui (Aramco Research Center-Detroit, Aramco Americas)

Comparative Evaluation of Battery Electric and Internal Combustion Vehicles in On‑Demand Shared‑Ride Services: Energy and Operational Efficiency

Scheduled for presentation during the Video Session "On-Demand Video Presentations" (VP-VP), Saturday, November 22, 2025, 08:00−18:00, On-Demand Platform

2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), November 18-21, 2025, Gold Coast, Australia

This information is tentative and subject to change. Compiled on April 2, 2026

Abstract

As battery electric vehicles (BEVs) become increasingly prevalent on roads, shared-ride services are expected to operate with mixed fleets comprising both BEVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This shift necessitates a timely evaluation of the operational efficiency and energy performance of these vehicle types within an on-demand, shared autonomous mobility system. The paper develops an Autonomous Vehicle Hybrid Sharing (AVHS) platform, which integrates dynamic stochastic control to simultaneously minimize operational and traveler costs. An optimization-based real-time vehicle assignment algorithm manages diverse demand scenarios and varying fleet compositions. Simulation results across multiple scenarios highlight that ICEVs offer superior service performance under high-demand conditions, primarily due to BEVs' limited driving range and extended recharging durations. Specifically, ICEVs can accommodate up to 8% more ride requests compared to fully electrified fleets. Additionally, mixed-fleet configurations show a dependency on ICEVs to compensate for BEVs' downtime during charging periods. Future research directions include incorporating real-world networks, strategic placement of fast chargers, and leveraging machine learning for demand prediction to further enhance system resilience and operational efficiency.