Kahlert, Joas (Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)), Fu, Jiali (VTI), Chengxi, Liu (Swedish National Road And Transport Research Institute), Skåntorp, Johanna (KTH), Kronqvist, Jan (KTH Royal Insitute of Technology)

Multi-Phased Integration of Charging Infrastructure Optimization

Scheduled for presentation during the Invited Session "S21b-Energy-Efficient Connected Mobility" (TH-EA-T21), Thursday, November 20, 2025, 13:30−13:50, Surfers Paradise 3

2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), November 18-21, 2025, Gold Coast, Australia

This information is tentative and subject to change. Compiled on October 18, 2025

Abstract

The shift to electric heavy-duty vehicles faces significant challenges, with many studies pinpointing inadequate charging infrastructure as one of the main barriers to the widespread adoption of battery electric trucks. This paper introduces a mixed-integer programming framework designed to determine optimal charging station locations using empirical truck route data. It emphasizes incremental deployment strategies that address the constraints of early-stage infrastructure development.

The optimization model is structured to maximize the utility of the available charging infrastructure step by step, incorporating existing charging stations into each expansion phase. The results indicate that strategically placed charging stations can markedly improve electrification rates, while shared infrastructure offers additional benefits. In addition, committing to larger installations during each expansion phase results in more effective site placement throughout the overall network over time. Ultimately, choosing a specific strategy involves balancing immediate feasibility with long-term scalability to achieve maximum efficiency and profitability. These findings provide actionable insights into integrating charging infrastructure for freight transport, offering a comparative evaluation of the short- and long-term impacts of various electrification strategies.